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PATENTED AUG. 25, 1863.

E. WATERS. y VESSEL EOE HOLDING PETROLEUM AND OTEEEWLIQUIDS.

IIJ@ l@ ma NcRms Farms co. unoroum'o., wAsmNomN. o. c.

'in figs. 1 and ,5.

Figure 4 gives -a. `vertical sectionfull size, taken through a corner of the above-described package. (fig. 3) fat e d. f i

, Figure 5 represents u section taken through the vertical axis, and also a perspective view of a barre1,.or

l# @si t-ejh grtis s stent-fgift-ng,

vu L I 'sus W Air E u s, o yn no N E, WyrfY cfu KQ,

Letters Permuta; 81,441, ma Augmes, 186e.

turnover VESSEL rouguoLDrNe PETROLEUM Aun-crues LIoUIDs, 'l

,j-a'tlge Sthtrlifntcruh in tu time rtirrs @kunt rrtrrrtirgrnt utilis tmc.

'ro 'ALL WHOMIT Mier coNcuRN: V i i n t 4 Be it known' that LfELIsHA WATERS, of Troy, in the eourrtyol" Rensselaer, intheState of NewYork, have inventeda new and useful me'tliodof making hermetieally-sealed packages suited t'ofc'ouimercia'l purposcs,for holding` and transportingpetroleumarid its products, spirits ofI-tu'rpentine, andothcrj'liquids o'fa rolutile"na,ture,i

by which all Vl'o'ss by leakage orevaporation, :indi its resultant dang-ers, is prevented, endl do herebydeclare that the foll'oilving Vis a full `and. exact descri tion thereof, reference being had t the accompanying drawings,

and to the'lett'ersof reference marked thereon, which- Figurel represents aseetion talren through thevertic'al axis, and also a pefspectivefviewof-'e cylindrical vessel, o iifpap'er, preparedvforholding petroleumorlother volatile liquids, enclosed in and protectedby abou-el. I made in the' usualmcnner, butof which theinner surface terminstsfet-eacll end in e=shert cylinder, y y1 gft-g3,

forA the purpose'of"supportiulgtheends of the cylindrical. papcrv'vessel, as shouin, the latter being further sus- -tained byafbelt of wood, placed ltnidwrly between the ends, and between 'thefnnei" surfzce of thehbarrel andthe of threbarrel'. All iron screw-bung is placed in ,the head.-

outer surfa'ce of the paper vcylinderits Iplone parallel tothose'of the ends, and ai thickness equalto the bilge Figure? representen section und pe'rspect'iveview ofo'ne'side of a'pnckage'siulilur-'to the Yone above described, except that theprotecting-vessel, in this case, has-the form of aY polygon-al pri-sin', of twenty or more,

sides, each sideformed by a straight strive, supporting 4the paper cylinder lalong. the middle rightglineeleinent offitsfnner face, the draught for the hoops 'being` obtained -by turning off theexterior surfacejsofas to jgiveit the forni of. tuo truncated cones placed -base to base. i l I Figure 2 gives a vertical section, full size, taken Athrough a corner of thepa'okage g. 1)" at7qz b.

' Figure 3 represents a1-section talren through thefvertiealaxis, and also a perspective view of a light barrel,- used las a mould, .on whiclr'to fcruLa solid shell of paper, fmade impervious to the liquid the vessel is designedl to'contain, the whole enclosedin and protected from theelects of roughfuscge by abarrelor eask, made 'in the.Y

ordinary charmer. It is intendcd'to use the malleable screw-bung in this package, in thesamemanner as shown lined -throughou'tits nteriiorsuriface with 'a solid shell of paper-,Q prepared for holdin'gvolatile liquids. 4 .Figure fgives avertical sectionyfu'llgsie, taken throughla cornerof the above-described package (fig.` 5)

Figure 7, iasection, perspective elevation, plan of a I I'rgtlleable-iron screw-bung,'full sizefadepzted toI Athe `:n.ckttges,"orfto thepaper vessels herein described. The plug P Piis keptvfrom turning by the projections pp. Incases wh'e'reit isdesirable to pass air directly out'of or into thlecsshto facilitate lling or emptying, it can lbe effected by drilling a small hole throiigh the body of theiplugl? P', and having the inuor'opening teruiinute in ssrna'llpipe running parellel tou-the head-and ending near the side lofthe ceslafurtlrestl from the bung. I' 'Figurc 8, tuo'developefl sheets of paper, suited for covering the light barrel usedfas a moulins. in tig. 2,

or'tlie'blockfornler, {or'jIiak-ng the shclloffpaper used usla lining .in g.5, la'id one on the other, t-o showf they `munn'er of breaking joints. Y t 'i From the nature ofthc material used, and the form-which nccessity'indicatesas the most convenient for a.k fbarel orV cask,-th`esevessels, when inade of wood-,are Vcomposed of a. number-,of narrow Steves, placedside by.-

sile. Hence, of'neces'sity, the sutil1 oi' .the lengths of all'the joints must he considerable, in an ordinary barrel, composed ofv'twcntymstaves; being over fifty feet; "lhe more' these joints are multiplied, thc'greater the chances of leakage; end, on the contrary, Ythe fewer jointsft'he less chance of loss.l lf'vit were prcticable to makesucb'" a vessel of asingle stave, with :i single joint,4 o "r without any, the chances of loss from'ths,V cause lWo.uld.' :be

proportionately reduced, 0`r entirely removed."l l I l of liquid.

` paper, made to lap over the edges of the cylinder, as shown at 'v c',

Most of the plans proposed for preventing the leakage of the contents of such vesselsthro'ugh the joints have not had for their' object the lessening of the number of joints, but' rather to fill them up,".or cover them with a lining of cloth, paper, or other suitable fabric or material, gluedor otherwise firmly cemented to'thc whole inner surface of the vessel, and thus forming an integral part of the same. The'defects of this method are, that in consequence of rough usage, such as a heavy fall, rolling over rough ground, or in the'ordinary yay of Astarting the bung, some gf the staves are 'liable to be sprung or driven inward, so' that their edges will project beyond those of the staves contiguous to them, which action ormetion must consequently tend to break, tear, or rupture the firmly-glued lining along these edges, and this willbe repeated every time that such forces are applied to the exterior surface. l

New, one part of my invention consistsin forming, substantially or mainly from paper-pulp, paper in sheets, paper or straw-board, or vegetable parchment of any suitable 'kind or quality, a. cylindrical conical frustum or barrel-shaped closed vessel, supported-internally end hoops or a wooden shell, and so constructed as to be composed practically, and, as it were, of single's'tave, without any joint corresponding to those between ordignaryvwooden staves, through which the contents of the vessel can escape; `and Where such vessels are intended for liquids, Icoat, size, or cement the continuous inner surface, or permeate the whole fibre of the paper vessel,

with any knownvarnish, or other substanceor compound insoluble in and suited to edectually resist the action and prevent the leakage of the particular liquid the vessel is prepared to contain, and, when desirable, I make the l vessel so formed amplystrong enough to sustain, without any change of'form, leak, or break,'its full capacity As the handling and Vtransportation of heavy-paper vessels necessarilywwears and abrades the exposed parts,

becomes desirable to use some method of protecting them, which, while effectual and lasting, shall be as economical as possible. This I effect by another part 'of my invention, which consists in surroundi'ng the paper vessel with. stout but roughly-madewooden cask,'-barrel, or tank, as the'case may be', ,so fitted to the outer surface of thepape'r vessel, that, nhile the latter cannot move within the wooden envelope, it shall beindepend- 'ent ofthe casing along theedges or joints of its staves, so that whenever anyone stave shall be sprung inwards beyond the next one, the interior paper vessel shall yield freely, without injury to itself, or the loss of any ol' lits contents.

As a cylinder presents-the simplest practicable form of vessel forholding liquids ingeneral, I will explain how'I apply my invention to this form. l v

1 Up'on a mandrel of wood or metal, of the diameter and length of the cylinder required, acontinuous sheet of paper or straw-beard, of' a selected texture andquality, and of a width-equal to the length of the mandrel, is closely wound, the successive layers being firmly glued or otherwise cemented together. The thickness of the sides of the paper cylinder will depend upon the manner in which it is proposed to protect and support it by the surrounding vessel. If, as in lig. 1, by a barrel, of'the usualform, and as there arranged, Aa. thickness of one-fourthof an inch may be necessary; but if by a vessel trith a straight stave, rcx', as vin lig. l, one-eighth of an inch, or even less, 'ill be sulcient. The mandrel is now removed, and the cylinder allowed to Strips of paper, four or live inches wide, are now cemented to the inner surface of the cylinder at euch end, so that they shallproject' an inch or two beyond the edges, to form the laps. In some cases, where great strength and nicety are required, it may be well to turn off or 'otherwise make a'slight bevel at v '11', iig. 2, and thustake the laps from the heads, without increasing the thickness or the diameter of the cylinder at'this point, but ordinarily this will not be necessary. v A l i y I Next, hoops h 71., figs. l and 2, about one inch by one-half inch in section, are sprung into the ends of the cylinder, their outer edge at o distance from each end equal to the thickness of the lined' head?` r, gs. 1 and 0 They are set in glue or other eemcnting substance, and secured in place by heavy tacks, driven from the outside, but noi'l through. q n

fiiie hond, i'n which the bung is to be inserted, is new prepared, by lining a circle of straw-board or thin wood, of the proper size, with paperas shown in iig. 2. A suitable opening being made for the'screw-plug, the cuplike cavity o', at the bottom ofthe plug l2 P', iig. 7, is filled with the resisting substance or compo sition int-'ended toibo used as avcoating for the inner surface of the paper vessel, the plug firmly pressed in place, and temporarily heldftliere by the nut 1v w', iig. T.

'iho head, being next closely iitte'd in place, is bedded on the vhoop with the resisting material. Tbelap c cf, iig. 2, of the cylinder, is neatly and' closely cemented down, and the whole head is then covered with The interior ofthe vessel is now' ready to be coated with the copal, shelled Common gluerinarine glue, or other substance or composition selected to ferm the inner resisting-surface to the liquid to. be contained therein. It havin-g been satisfactorily ascertained that the joint about thebung is perfect, the head to close the other end of the cylinder is next prepared', by lining a suitable circle of thin wood or straw-board with paper, as before, or this head may be made wholly of paper. It is ther. 'carefully fitted to its position, coatedon its inner surface, and bedded inl place with the resisting. substance or composition, and covered, as has already been described for the other head. An opening having been made in the head of the enclosing barrel for .the reccp; tion of the plug, the latter is passed through it', the head made perfectly concentric with the cylinder-head, and the plug secured in place. rlhevelosed cylindei` is noiv ready for setting up the rough barrel around'it.

' lo do this, a hand of wood, (fig. 1,) made up of three or four pieces, cut from the solid, is firmly glued or otherwise cemented to the exterior' of thepapr vessel, in the position indicated in iig. 1. In making the rough4 barrel or cask, care mu'st be taken that the 'diameter of its inner surface bears such a relationto that of the cylinder, that iv'licn setiip about the latter, it'shallfit tight along the surfaces of the short cylinders y yl y2 3,3 and that of the band of wood. the friction of the sui-fs ees preventing the inner vegen] Fpnm MMM www tim outer one. I insure' this further, if thought' desirable-bypassing a short th-ick wood-screw'through every alternate or every'third stave into vthe band 'oiiwood about the papervessel, but not through it. Where it is desirable to haveadditiorxal seeurityfinrthis .respect at the ends of the vesselsgthe'outerv faces of theends ot theinner vessel may be attached tozthc inner faces of the ends of the enveloping barrel b'y narrow strips or patches of gluing or c eilierting,` as far removed frourthejoints as possible, se that no ordinary blow transmittedithrough 'them can affect the integrity of the'paper vessel beneath. Where a barrel with a straight stave, as in igpl;

i ismusedfthe relation ,between the diametersof .the paper and wooden vessel most be such that the fermer sliai'l tilt tightly'within the latter, and thusbe prevented from turningr Tolaii'ord additional security agein'stturning,

and thuseansing leakage about the metallic liung, detached `portions of theuter .surface of. the inner 'vesselv may beattaohed, by gluoor othcrecorrnectng substance,.to corresponding portions of the inner seirfaee of th -enveloping barrel, in narrow strips, parallel to the joints otl the strives, and occurring on every alternateorv every thi-rd orfourtlrstave, as may be-found suiieient, but of snella width, and so placed, that in po ease shall anymo-tion offjtheedges of thestaves on each other injuriously affect the paperbeneath,wliich'mnst.invariably have freedom-ofA motion-,inwards :rlong, these.:joints. )The ends may betreated, ifdesirable, asdescribed ,for

those of the nvoodenv barrel'in' figfl,l e n i i In ordjerto apply m'yinvention:tolasbarrelfor `eask o f the usuabform, I take @block-form bnltlup in the 'same manner `as amordinary'hat-bloek,ndof 'a 'size'sueh thatthe paper shellnmde upon it willA when 'completed just iillthebarrel or cask. Recesses are turned on' each ond ofthe solidformcofrresponding tothe hoopsy h h, iigs. 1 andvZ, in which hoops f-vvo0d cienitable-size are itted. Sheets of paper, ent inthe pattern shown in tig.` are thenl-laidon'in 'a forni'eorrespondingto the staves of-al barrel, each layer breaking jointsnviththeone belovv it The iirstrsireiets are dampenedl andJ fitted to' the form of' the block, the remainder are firmlyglued or otheifi-ivis. ementedlto.thisjlayer'and to 'each other-fx The hoopsl hz-are then 'sprrzng in place artidv fastened, as already die'scribed. AA'suitable head, made as already shown, and properly fitted onlone endof the Iblock, is thenseeured inplaceyby. means ot' therejsistngirnaterial used aridfthe laps. Theforming-'bloekis new removed, the in,ner.snri`ace'eoated, the-head with the-"plug pnt in place, andthe enveloping vbarrel or oasi; set np,rashere tofore-set forthfor the cylindrical papervessell vlPrecisely thesan'le means are used in this ease to prevent the' tiirning of `thepaper vesselwith its envelope asfhav'e hereinbeforebeen explained'at length for .the barrels represented 1nV iigs. 1 afnd 1f. A I Y l itiseonsidered necessary to test the tightness of the joint at thebilng before elosinguthe paper vessel,4 then, upon the. completion of the sides, as shown, the block is to be removed, the lining-strips at eacli'end for' the laps, andthe hoopspntirrpl-see, andthetxvQl1eads placed ink position in-the order andin the manner'r already,

desori'bed for 'the cylindrical papervessel...

Where a larger vessel is wanted,,of"the 'ordinaryicask-form, I take a light barrel ofl'siiitable. dimensions,of:

whiehthe'staves are made as thinas possiblsay threeeghths or one-half-inch thick','as shown-on the inner barrel, igs. 3 and: 4, and secured only ateaeh `end by `a thin iron hoop, z L, tig; 4, and proeeedras follows: v

Taking the head of the inside barrel, Iicoveriitivith as many'layers of suitable paper as I think necessary',` i

allowingV them to project an inch or tivo beyond the edge of the head to make the lap. I line the insidel of the headfatthepoint wherethe-plug'enters, with two or; three disks of paper for'the edges of the en p rra of the plugi? P), iig. 7,torestf1ipon. I then set the plug in place, as has been described, secured temporarily by -the sere\v,and then put thelxead in position; the other end-,oi` the light barrell being eoveredrvvith paper, as

described, tor'the Aplug end. The laps from the` heads on to the stares' are madeas shown in 4. The :Steves` are then covered with. paper, ont after the manner shown in hg. 8,y each successive layer :breaking-joints with that heneatlr; or the paper may be Wound ondiagonally in strips of'vfrom three to five inches wide. The'sue' cessivedaye'rs ar'e attached to each other by means of the subst-anceor composition selectedfto resist` the conf. tained iiuid, and', if desirable, eaehflayer may 'be'permeated and saturated with it. The shell` of `paperisto'be made of a thi-ekness depending-'on the sizle'oftli'e vesseland the amount of pressure t-o be resisted,'but ordinarily casierV The method (if-.setting this'upfand of preventing the turning of the inner vessel, without havingA the `sixteenth tooileleighth'ei' an inehfwill-be sollicitant. It may be desirableto coat the interiorfofv the inner' l with the substance orcomposi'tio'n used asa resistant. The barrel'isnorr ready forits wooden enveloping` i .paper vessel adhere to the o'tercask al'ongor near the edges of its staves, is thesame as 4that explained'indetail Vhereinbefore for rthebarrels'shown jigs. 1p1".

`Barrels may also be linedas shown' inlig's.' 5 and 6, without the use of a mandrel, by irst'lining the bottom with paper, 'and turfningiup the Vlaps against the inner sides, and then lining the sides vwithshe'ets eut as shoivn infigb 8; I alayept' pfaper be pnton the bottom, and `then one on the sides, the laps at the edges willhlternate, and av solid jointat v.the junction el' the bottom with the sides-drill be obtained# AThe first sheets laldon are not attached to the Wood,.so that nnyshrinkage-oi the-strives wll`not affect the' paper vessel, or theyiiiiy'bo'glued or otherwise oerir'entedl tothe inner't'ace ei'everyalternatc or every third or fourth stave, in strips",sny, onehlf` an inch 'wlllfparallel to and away'fr'om lthe joints of the stoves,- so that the exterior siirfaee yof the paper lining ,si-hallbe entirely free along. these joints, Previous to the lining being -eomploted and coatedQwitlia vvieu of 'puttin-g inthehead, 1the upper end of,the barrelqis terminated von its' interior surface bya shortreylinder, as shown in iig. 5,'the lovrer'edge of theeylinder terminating in :the ycroze, which is lo\vered, say, one-haif to threefonrthsfo'i' an'ineh, siiiiieiently to admitfcta stout lteadllining bengsp-rung in over the head. "The head isfjthen "dropped from its original position,1l1 tof2 2 2, iig. 6, and'in some eases the` old heads may hen/etc bel replacedby iieiv'or'resof a slightly larger diameter. The head beinglined and coated, as shown, iig.A 6, and the paper'lining of thebarrel being eut oii at a poperdstance below thvcroze trsceive thelining 'of the' Vhead closely, the latter is fixed in piace, beddedinfthe resisting material used, thehead-lining'sprang-into place, set` in the resisting-composition, it desirable, andiiruily secured bfy screws or nails.

To apply this invention to wooden tanks or cistorns, I build up with continuous sheets otv paper-or straw-- board, extending entirely aroundvthe inner surface, and-breaking joints with each other, a solid lining of paper, these layers being,Ir alternated ,with the layersforming the lining forl the bottom and top edges, s o-as to formV perfect laps. The sheets next the woodare tacked in place, or they may be gluedor otherwise cemented to the inner face ofthe staves, leaving the paper entirely free along `the joints, as already fully described hereinbeforeI where barrels are used as protecting envelopes, and a few tacks are driven through the succeeding ones into r.thosebel'cnv and into the7 wood, to insure the paper shell remaining in place when the tank orcistern is empty.

rlhe last two layers are simply attached to thosebelow` with the adhesive confiposition` used, no tacks being driven through them. The man-hole may be arranged with a lip and oop, similar to -that in the screw-plug, iig. 7.

Y These .closed vessels may also be formed from paper-pulp', pressed into moulds, giving a shell of the form ofv a truncated cone, or any other surface of revolution, such as'to lit one-half or other fractional part' ofthe barrel, Cask, or other vessel, intended to surroundit; the shells so formed having a scarf or shoulder-scarf, or other suitablejoint, at the-'edges where'tho parts are to be fitted together. These zones or bands, so formed, having been cemented together at thejonts, and one end of the shell'elosed with a suitable head, as ali-"ready shown, the interior` surface. is to be coated with the resisting-composition or material, the other head tted in place,

'fand the hermeteally-closed v'esssihso formed, is ready to be surrounded by its protecting envelope as already described. v i

f ,-Or such vessels may be made by pressing paper-puip, or paper, or straw-board, into moulds such that the resulting form shall present the appearance cfa wide stave, suited to it the interior of a half, quarter, oi' othery fractional section, taken through thc'longaxis of the enelosing-vessel which section may bejoined, superposed on elleh other, coated, and otherwise treated, so ns'to form a hernietically-scaled vessel after the manner herein? before set forth.

As regards the lirst parteiu my invention,`it is essential thatthe 'paper vessel should be sopported internally by end hoops or disks or an extended shell, substantially .as hereinbefore described and indicated'by figs'. l, 1,

,2, 3,4; and by that combination ofthe internal wooden end pieces .or shell with the paper vessel, a closed cylindrical'tank-like or`barrelshaped paokage, having sulicient stiffness and'strength to maintain its shape whenl filled or partly 'filled with liquid, semi-iuid, or pulverized materials, can be Vmade at a cheaper rate, and with the sides andtends of the paper vessel ofless thickness than fthe papervessel were not supported internally.

'And in respect'to the other part of my invention, it is commonly preferablepbut'not essential, that the papery vessel should be supported bythe internal end hoops or shell. But it is indispensable to that part of uiyinvenn tion, that while the pa'perivessel must be iittedf'so closely`in,or.so attached, to the outer wooden case as to not turn' within the latter by any ordinary handling, transportation, and use ofthe complete vessel, the papervessel must be frceov separntei'roui or not adhere to thewooden case along,r thejoints of its stoves, so that the paper vessel will be less liable to be ruptured or injured by a stave beingforced in beyondthose nextto it, than if' the whole outer surface of the paper vessel were iirmly glued to the entire inner surface of the wooden oase, or if the paper vessel 7were comen-ted to the oterone'along the joints of the stares. Y I' r What claim as my invention, and desire to'secure byLetters Patent, is* i A closed `cylindrical tank-like or barrel-shaped vessel, formedcssentiallyor mainly from paper-pulp, paper in sheets= or paper or straw-board, of any suitable quality, and supported internally by disks or hoops at the ends, or. an extended Wooden shell, substantially as described herein. f

I also claim a closed cylindrical tank-like orl barrel-shaped vessel, formed essentially or'mainly frompaperpulp, paper in sheets, or paper or straw-board, with or-withont internal end hoops, or an inner Wooden shell, substantially as described, in combination with an cxteriorprotectin'g case formed of 'wooden staves and heading, and fitted or secured tothe paper vessel, substantially as set forth, so that the paper vessel shall not turn within the wooden case, and yet shall be free or separable therefromalong thejoints of the staves. y

i ELISHA.V WATERS. Witnesses:

Gso. T. BALcn, Gao. A. WATERS. 

